“Approximately 2/3 of the initiating parties in cases going to arbitration are private equity-backed… These…have a strong incentive to add revenue to pay down debt quickly and…resources to pay administrative fees and argue their case. While some PE-backed firms credit the NSA with pushing them into bankruptcy, the data indicates that some large PE-backed provider groups are taking advantage of the arbitration system to extract high payments from insurers.” niskanencenter.org/the-no-surp