@sqrtminusone @GuerillaOntologist All that said, I wouldn’t presume WhatsApp is secure from US state intelligence gathering, even though the label promises it should be. I expect Zuckerberg is owned, in that way. But Meta is a bureaucratic behemoth in a way Telegram is not. The person of the principal (as opposed to other sources of access) is arguably more relevant for Telegram. 2/